In plain language
It teaches an existing model a narrow skill by showing it many examples of the right output.
Example
A model is fine-tuned on thousands of past ticket categorizations so it labels new tickets the way the support team does.
Related terms
Large Language Model (LLM) · Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) · Classification · Evals
Common misconception
Fine-tuning is not the best way to add facts or keep knowledge current; retrieval is usually better for changing information.
Implementation guidance
Try prompting and retrieval first, use clean and representative examples, hold out a test set, and compare results with evals before switching.